Kwi-isemthethweni ulwimi, igama elithi Umntu lubonisa kwesi sihloko yamalungelo, holder amalungelo nezibophelelo zethu vested kunye kuyimfuneko isemthethweni umthamo apho ilawulwa malunga nenkqubo yolawulo olumanyanisiweyo imfuza yokuhamba-hamba phakathi kwamacandelo ii-odoloUmntu ngexesha i-kokuzalwa kuka oluntu ke, ngakumbi precisely xa lowo ubizwa kuzalwa aphile (njengoko ngoku ufune yokuba zilawulwe ka-viability okanye suitability ye-kuzalwa ukuqhubeka ubomi), nkqu ukuba umthetho unika ukubaluleka ukuba conceived kwaye hayi conceived, ngenxa yokuba le wokuzalwa ngu inkxaso wendalo i-attribution neenkqubo zomthetho umthamo. Umntu ume ngendlela ekhethekileyo ubudlelwane ezentlalo-ntle-bume, makube familial okanye loluntu kwi ngokubanzi evakalayo, ukusuka apho akanako zohlulwe kwaye ukususela apho ilungelo awunakuba kuxhomekeka. Ngokunxulumene efanayo iingxelo, umntu ingaba lunxulumano othile, isimo, ukusuka apho phakama amalungelo nezibophelelo zethu, kwaye echaphazela wonke umntu, apho awukwazi nikela, okanye ukwenza ngokulawulwa eyenziweyo okanye ngenye indlela. I-ubumi, oko kukuthi, ubudlelwane ukuba ties ngamnye kwimo, usapho, ubudlelwane ukuba amakhonkco ngamnye nabanye abantu, bond ka-consanguinity kwaye womtshato. I-amalungelo personality, ke ngoko kunokuba genus ka-absolute amalungelo ingaba ezo yokukhusela umntu njengoko enjalo, ayo kubalulekile imiba, kwaye yayo ngezityhilelo, ngqo, baya kunyuka nge wokuzalwa ye-phantsi, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha nkqu phambi (ekunene ubomi conceived), okanye emva koko, kodwa kusoloko ekuqaleni, ekubeni amalungelo intrasferibili, kwaye phakathi kwabo bamele ingakumbi afanelekileyo ukuba unelungelo lokuphila, igama, ndibeka, ayo umfanekiso, njalo njalo. Ngokunxulumene indawo ukuba umntu uqala kwi-isithuba, inkcazelo nengqeqesho kwi-Amaziko i-domicile, indawo yokuhlala, wahlala. Kunye Umfundisi ye-disappearance, kubekho kwaye presumed ukufa, zilawulwa, isi-Italian inkqubo esemthethweni, iziphumo ukuba niphakame imathiriyali ukufa komntu ukususela yokuhlala okanye ukusuka yokuhlala ngaphandle malunga nenkqubo yolawulo olumanyanisiweyo imfuza yokuba a imvelaphi ulwazi ukuba iya kuvavanya yakhe survival. Umntu uyafa kunye wendalo kunjalo ukufa ka-oyedwa, isemthethweni umthamo ceases, kwaye oko, kwi intsingiselo, ezi zinto kwaye zilungile, apho ihlala emva kokufa awunakuba kuba phantsi, kodwa ngokulawulwa yamalungelo. Kunye ukubaluleka ukuba unako kuba ukwazi ukuba ukufa umntu preceded okanye abalandela ukuba yabanye abantu, isi-Italian umthetho introduces i-presumption ye commorienza.
Enxulumene yendalo abantu kwaye vicissitudes zabo yendalo kwaye isemthethweni izenzo zasekuhlaleni state.
Inkqubo esemthethweni umntu umzimba iyunithi, characterized nge plurality ka-abantu okanye complex kwempahla, nto leyo lunxulumano ngumthetho umthamo asebenze kwi-ngokuphathelele legitimate ngeenjongo, kwaye ezithile. a plurality zabantu, i-autonomous iqela impahla yexabiso, osemthethweni injongo, kwaye omiselwe kuba realization ka umdla zobunzululwazi, artistic, ushishino, charitable, kodwa ezibini zokuqala ezimbini musa negalelo, necessarily, okanye sukubonisa phezulu enye indlela ebalulekileyo. I-plurality zabantu kwi-ezithile iintlobo isemthethweni abantu banako abe khona kwi-yangaphambili okanye unobuhle, nangona kubalulekile kwezinye iintlobo isemthethweni abantu (ezifana iimbumbano).
Kobuso ezi ezibini idla kufuneka inferred ukususela memocomment ka-association of the isemthethweni umntu, apho msitho, uza abo babeka isiseko ye-umbutho (umthetho kuba udidi lwe ebizwa-isiseko ngu wathi store"isiseko"), kwaye bylaws efanayo.
Mzuzu inkqubo esemthethweni attribution neenkqubo zomthetho personality ukuba umntu iqumrhu yi-ezibini okanye iimeko eziphambili kukhankanywe ngasentla ingaba isemthethweni ingqwalasela, nto leyo ngobuchule constitutive, deriving ukususela oko ekudalweni omtsha, ngokulawulwa (holder) ukwabiwa isemthethweni ubudlelwane phakathi. Njengoko ngenxa ingqwalasela, iqumrhu babe legitimately zichaziwe kwezabo uza kunye namaqumrhu ezilungiselelwe, kwaye legitimately kuba kwezabo impahla yexabiso, kunye uzalise autonomy ngokumayela ngamnye kwezinye, kuquka nkqu abo abantu abaya kuba negalelo ukumiselwa kwebandla i-patrimony ye-isemthethweni umntu. Ingqwalasela banokuthatha ezininzi ezahluka-hlukileyo iifomu, oko kukuthi, buya kunikwa kunye phambi determination le iimeko babefuna ngumthetho kuba ngokumnika inkqubo esemthethweni personality, kuba abo amaqumrhu ngokumayela apho kufuneka imiqathango kuyahlangatyezwana nazo, ukwabiwa i-ithe ngqo le personality ivela enye-ngqwalaselo ka-formalities, ekusenokwenzeka ukuba kunikwa ngokukodwa nge isigqibo yolawulo igunya, awathi, ngaphezu ukuba uqinisekise ubukho be imiqathango efunekayo kwangaphambili, ngumthetho, unako yiya phantsi ukuhlola enyanisweni i-relevance ka-injongo, lawfulness, kwaye definiteness le njongo ukuba isemthethweni umntu kwi-uqeqesho intends ukumsukela (umz, kuba iimbumbano, isiseko, abucala amaziko). Inkqubo esemthethweni umthamo we-isemthethweni umntu, consequent kwi-ukuthathela ingqalelo, ngakumbi limited kwe-elo yesitalato abantu, hayi ekubeni nako ukuxoka kwi-numerous budlelwane nabanye ukuba presuppose i-physical personality (umz, iingxelo osapho umthetho) kwaye ekubeni ukuphuhlisa kwi-icala kufunwa yi - (a) injongo: umthamo ngu-jikelele kuzo zonke isemthethweni budlelwane nabanye, impahla yexabiso, kwaye ngaphezulu limited kwi ekhaya ka-personality amalungelo, kwaye enxulumene amalungelo (ekunene igama, ndibeka, njalo-njalo). I umthamo ukuba umthetho we-isemthethweni umntu kufuneka ungeniswe, nangona yayo basebenzise ufuna ukuthatha inxaxheba abameli (abalawuli), apho, nangona kunjalo, derived wabo ngokusemthethweni indawo ukususela uza eli. Iindlela ukuduka zibe yendalo, njengoko ngenxa ukungaphumeleli lwesiqu kwinto, kuba kungokuzithandela ukuchithwa kwendibano, ngokunxulumene imiqathango emiselwe kwi-constitutive umthetho okanye kwi-store ka-foundation, ukulandela ugqibo ka injongo okanye impossibility, okanye esemthethweni, njengoko ngenxa ukungazibandakanyi ka-ingqwalasela okanye kuba ukudibana neenguqu ye-iziko.
Umsebenzi ka-izibhengezo malunga ubomi isemthethweni abantu ngu bamthwala ngaphandle, ngokufanayo ukuba kwenzeka ntoni kuba abantu kunye kubhalisa ka-zasekuhlaleni urhulumente, ngokuthi Urhulumente, eziya kubonelelwa yi-estate kunye nolondolozo (ngomhla registry wenkundla ngamnye wephondo eyinkunzi) loluntu bhalisa neenkqubo zomthetho abantu.
Neenkqubo zomthetho abantu, nika ezininzi distinctions kwi isiseko ebusweni ezibini omiselwe ukuba characterize a uhlobo. I-kwalomgaqo-siseko umahluko kukuba phakathi iimbumbano kwaye isiseko. lgs. akukho I- waba ungeniswa kwi-Italian isemthethweni indlela i-yacaciswa nengqeqesho ye-administrative eyimali neenkqubo zomthetho abantu, iinkampani kwaye iimbumbano kanjalo ngaphandle isemthethweni personality. I-imizimba ye-association, eya, nangona hayi luyafuneka, bengengabo mbasa njengoko ithathwe njengoko i-individuality, okanye njengoko unyaka kunye eyakhe conceptual autonomy. Yenza ingxenye yesakhelo ezifana personae usekela kamongameli funguntur okanye privatorum loco habentur competed, ngoko ke, ukucacisa kwaye lungelelanisa indlela inyathelo ezi ezi uluntu, ekuqaleni kwi-kwicandelo populus romanus waba prototype kuba engundoqo, nto leyo progressively augmented kunye colonias kwaye civitates, municipia. mzuzu, ngexesha i Empire, amaziko ius privatorum inkqubo ephantsi ke ngoko le amakhulu (bale mihla iimbumbano), kunye ozimegawathi amalungelo amagunya lwempahla ethengiswa, pursuit ye-loluntu injongo okanye kwezoqoqosho. I-scholars ka-xesha, zisetyenziswa ukuphinda iimfundiso ukusuka kwabaseroma kwi-isihloko se personality, ukuba ngokupheleleyo ezilahlekileyo kwaye batshatyalaliswe ekuhambeni wobubingeleli obukhulu phakathi Iminyaka, kwaye kunye nabo i-unye, painstakingly wakha kwakhona,"autonomous subjectivity"zoluntu kwaye amaqela. kuyo i-inkumbulo ye-ebizwa-communion kwi isandla kuza kunye (zur gesammten Isandla zichaza i-phenomenon ka-iimpahla karhulumente kwaye ricondurne ekugqibeleni ukuba umntu subjects.
