I-isikhalazo kwaye lawsuit kusini na enye into
Yintoni isikhalazo kwaye oko isikhalazo: abo babe ufake enjalo amaxwebhu kwaye mimiselo ngaphakathi apho ingathatha mthethoI-ukukhetha enye okanye enye kuzisa ngayo ezahlukeneyo zoko ukuba ufuna ukwazi ukukhusela ngokwakho i-ngcono. Kodwa siyabona ngcono yintoni umahluko phakathi isikhalazo kwaye isikhalazo. I-isikhalazo zibe linikelwe nabani na ukuba iinyaniso apho ufaka i-victim ngokunjalo kuba iinyaniso apho kuwe baba kuphela amangqina. Ukuba umbhali we isikhalazo ingaba private ummi, lowo unelungelo (hayi obligation) ingxelo iinyaniso ye-ulwaphulo-mthetho, ngaphandle kokuba in exceptional amatyala. Ingqwalasela: yokuba zilawulwe isikhalazo kuba isixeko ukuba intervene xa umntu ubuncinane zintathu iimeko: isikhalazo zibe ayingenisileyo, emva ukonakaliswa msitho, okanye ukusuka ulwazi fact a ulwaphulo-mthetho, ngaphandle ixesha imida. I-Matyala Amapolisa uza ukuzithwala ngaphandle uphando ukuze ascertain iinyaniso denounced. Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuba umntu ukuba ezenziwe sesi sibini i-isikhalazo, zibe ngokuba kungqina ukuba phambi kokuba Inkundla. Ukuba umntu ukuba ezenziwe sesi sibini i-isikhalazo ngu kanjalo victim ye-ulwaphulo-mthetho, unokugqiba ukuba intervene njengokuba zasekuhlaleni claimant yolwaphulo-iingxoxo, ukuba nesicelo restitution okanye imbuyekezo yabasebenzi i-umonakalo. I-lawsuit ingaba umthetho ngawo i-offended umntu ubuqu (okanye ekhethekileyo prosecutor), ibonisa ukukuthakazelela ka-Igunya Lezomthetho ukuba offender zibe criminally prosecuted kwaye ukuba qiniseka yakhe ukuziphatha. Ngokungafaniyo ne - isikhalazo, ke ngoko, ngokusebenzisa lawsuit hayi kuphela communicates i-news ulwaphulo-mthetho, kodwa osebenzayo ukuvumela sibuza ukuba ufuna ukuqhubeka ngokuchasene offender. I-lawsuit kusenokuba ezenziwe sesi sibini kuphela ngumntu offended yi-ulwaphulo-mthetho (okanye yakhe okanye yakhe esemthethweni ziindlalifa zobukumkani kwimeko ukufa okanye incapacity).
Umthetho, eneneni, distinguishes ezimbini amaziko
Umntu offended yi-ulwaphulo-mthetho ayiyi kuphela victim ye-ulwaphulo-mthetho, kodwa kanjalo umntu ngumnini-asethi oko kukuthi harmed. Eneneni, offending mntu uya elibalulekileyo ukusuka ukuba ngomnye nani: victim ye-ulwaphulo-mthetho. Yokugqibela, nangona kunjalo, enye kuphela othe wasokola umonakalo (umz kwezoqoqosho ilahleko), kodwa hayi holder esemthethweni ye-asethi ezikhuselweyo yi-umthetho. Masithathe umzekelo. Ngumqeshwa a inkampani steals i-password kwaye hluleka kwi khomputha inkqubo ye-inkampani kwaye khupha elinovakalelo ulwazi ukuba communicates ukuya kuyo newspaper, apho basondelelane ukuba uxwebhu watyikitywa i-oluphezulu i-abalawuli bakhe i company.
Kule meko, umntu harmed yi-ukona iya kuba ukuba inkampani, umntu yayo isemthethweni ummeli, umphathi, kwimeko yena sele intlungu pecuniary ilahleko okanye non-pecuniary, nto leyo derived ukususela mthethweni ufikelelo, kuya kuba yonakele yi-ukona.
I-victim, ngokungafaniyo ne - victim, ayina ilungelo intshukumo, kodwa, nangona kunjalo, nibe ufake isikhalazo ngamatyala ukuba abe prosecuted ex officio. Njengokuba umthetho, oku umahluko ayina umlinganiselo ngoba, kwiziganeko eziliqela, offended umntu coincides kunye umntu yonakele yi-ulwaphulo-mthetho.
Ukongeza neemfuno efunekayo ukuze isikhalazo, isikhalazo kufuneka ziqulathe manifestation yentando ukuba offender ngu ngokulawulwa zolwaphulo mthetho uphando.
Eneneni, lawsuit yi imeko admissibility kuba bonke abo yolwaphulo-mthetho enako prosecuted kuphela ukuba kunzima zingeniswe kwi-lawsuit. Ngoko ke, abaninzi ngokufanayo yolwaphulo-mthetho (ezifana unintentional nokonzakala kwabo, nkqu ezinzima, njengoko ngenxa traffic kunokwenzeka ingozi), kubekho i-lawsuit, andiyi kumiselwa. Masithathe umzekelo. Mna zithe a victim a car kunokwenzeka ingozi kwaye kuvumela i-injury apho iziphumo i-ukugula amathathu imihla. Kule meko, ukuba ndifuna i-benetyala ukuba abe prosecuted, ndiya kuba ukuba necessarily ifayile a lawsuit. Ukuba mna angenise elula isikhalazo ukuba ulwaphulo-mthetho iingxoxo uza kuyeka kuba kubekho a kulandelwe isikhalazo. Ezahluka-hlukileyo kunjalo, ulwaphulo-mthetho offences prosecutable ex officio, oko kukuthi, abo musa kufuneka lawsuit, kodwa ngokucacileyo le isikhalazo. Yolwaphulo-iingxoxo kule meko ziya kulandela yayo kunjalo, nkqu kubekho isikhalazo. I-lawsuit kufuneka ezenziwe sesi sibini, kuba uninzi yinxalenye offences, ngaphakathi non-extendible ixesha iinyanga ezintathu ukususela mzuzu ka-ukuthelekisa ulwazi kunjalo.
Masithathe umzekelo.
Umhla apho kwi-kweyomqungu ngowama, mna ukuthengwa i-software ye-bam inkampani, kunye ufakelo scheduled kuba amashumi yokuqala ka-januwari, ngowama. Nomthengisi bafanele ukubonisa kum insured umgangatho imveliso, ukuqinisekisa lowo ufunda kum yakhe iinkalo zobuchule, abe sele kanjalo eziboniswe idiploma yakhe kwi-computer science. Isoftwe ngu abafakwanga yi-ngenxa umhla Nomthengisi bafanele ukubonisa ayiphenduli ukuba ifowuni kwaye uba ayifumaneki. Ngendlela elandelayo iintsuku ndiya kwenza uphando kwaye elinesithandathu kowama- mna ukufumana phandle ukuba, enyanisweni, aphumelele khona idiploma yemfundo computer science ngu iibhonasi nomthengisi bafanele ukubonisa sele acted ngendlela efanayo, detriment yabanye abantu, presenting ngokwabo njengoko i-ingcali, ukwamkela ixabiso imveliso kwaye failing ukuba ayifake. Kule meko, kuphela oweshumi elinesithandathu kafebruwari, ndithe ndaba ukuthelekisa ulwazi scam, kwaye ngoko ke ndifumana ixesha ukususela elinesithandathu kowama- ukuba ishumi elinesithandathu kumeyi (oku kubandakanya) umthetho ne-filing a lawsuit. Kanjalo kule meko, lawsuit ibandakanya i-ukuvula a, ulwaphulo-mthetho iingxoxo eziza kwenziwa yalandelwa uphando ukuze ascertain iinyaniso denounced. I-plaintiff kusoloko nako kuviwa ngo Igunya Lezomthetho njengengqina ka-iinyaniso. Ingqwalasela: ukuba kungenxa yakho inzala ukwazi isiphumo iingxoxo kwimeko yokugcina kuyimfuneko ukuba abe osebenzayo ukuvumela eceliweyo kwi-isaziso isikhalazo, kungenjalo na isicelo esiseleni ayisayi kuba disclosed kwaye babe ukuphelisa le mimiselo (okanye amabini imihla), propose yeqela eliphikisayo.
Ngenxa yesi sizathu, kucetyiswa ukuba abanyulwa domicile kwi-ndawo apho wabuyisela yokuhlala okanye kwi-mthetho ifemi ye-defender ukuba ube phantsi ulawulo yeenkqubo. Kwi-isishwankathelo Zonke offenses punishable ye-ofisi zibe nomcimbi isikhalazo kwaye okanye lawsuit.
Offences punishable kwi isikhalazo, njengoko ilizwi ngokwalo uthi, kuba phantsi kwe-mthetho iingxoxo kufuneka disclosed ukuba abasemagunyeni kuphela ngokusebenzisa isikhalazo kwisithuba seminyaka kwiinyanga ezintathu ukusuka ulwazi kunjalo. Hayi, absolutely hayi Umntu ngubani victim ye-ulwaphulo-mthetho (nokuba ngaba victim yonakele okanye nge-ulwaphulo-mthetho) unelungelo (kodwa hayi obligation) ngoko nangoko atyumbe umntu yenziwe lawyer. Kodwa inako kanjalo khetha ukuqhubeka ngaphandle aid a lawyer. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba, kangangokuba, intends ukucela Kwinkundla Yolwaphulo-kuba restitution okanye ukuhlawulwa umonakalo, ukuba abe nako ukwenza kufuneka imiselwe phezulu njengokuba zasekuhlaleni umntu, kunye inkqubo esisinyanzelo uncedo a lawyer ka-ukukholosa.
'Umthetho kuba Bonke' a newspaper waseka yi-avv.
