A jonga yolawulo inkundla (TAR) sele, imigaqo ye-Italian Kwiriphabliki, i-icandelo likarhulumente yolawulo kwimimandla ephantsi kolawulo lwesixekoInkundla ngu linalo igunya umgwebi kwi nezibheno lodged ngokuchasene yolawulo izenzo, ngokuthi abantu babekholelwa ukuba kuchatshazelwa (ngohlobo hayi ngokungqinelana nomgaqo-isemthethweni system) kowabo legitimate inzala.
Kubalulekile yolawulo iinkundla ka-lokuqala umzekelo, egama ulawulo zibe appealed phambi Kwequmrhu Likarhulumente.
Kuba lowo isizathu, kuya kuphela uhlobo ezomthetho ezikhethekileyo ukubonelela ezimbini kuphela amaqondo womgwebo.
Ukusekwa yolawulo tribunals wokuqala isehlo kwi-constituency kummandla, ngawo ngumgaqo-siseko (aph.), kodwa kwenziwa kuphela kunye umthetho isithandathu disemba hayi, emva disappearance ka-kolawulo wephondo amagunya yolawulo imizimba kuvunyelwa ngumthetho, amashumi amabini uwaphinda - kweyokwindla, n.
ukuba kokuba kwimimandla ephantsi kolawulo lwesixeko, eminye imicimbi, ngokubhekiselele izenzo oomasipala, amaphondo kunye nezinye uluntu ekuhlaleni * wobulali umlinganiso), wavakalisa unconstitutional kuba nokungabikho a ukwakhiwa ezilungele ukuqinisekisa ukuzimela apho umgaqo-Siseko uqwalasela kwalomgaqo-siseko yokuba zilawulwe kuba lonke uhlobo umgwebi. I- umthetho, nangona kunjalo, asiyiyo limited ukuba bridging the isithuba yenziwe kwi hlela, ngenxa ukusebenza ezinjalo isibhengezo ka-unconstitutionality, nokumisa iinkundla, kwimimandla ephantsi kolawulo lwesixeko limited ngokunxulumene karhulumente kunye mathiriyali, kodwa sele generalized kabini iqondo kwi-administrative kwimimandla ephantsi kolawulo lwesixeko. Ngomhla we-na umthetho na igunya loluntu (kuquka i-imo), iijaji ngoku lokuqala umzekelo, TAR (Jonga Yolawulo Inkundla), ngeli Kwequmrhu Likarhulumente (apho, de ukusekwa kwe-jonga iinkundla mbasa ukuba, ngokuqhelekileyo kwi imizekelo) libiziwe kulawula kuphela ngomhla isibheno. I-TAR ingaba nemimoya, kunye constituency ehambelana ukuba territory ka-afanelekileyo ngingqi, kwaye ebolekiweyo ngokubhekiselele kwi-jonga eyinkunzi. Kwezinye iingingqi ezifana Lombardy, Emilia-Romagna, Lazio, Abruzzo, Campania, Puglia, Calabria, Sicily, kukho ohlukanisiweyo amacandelo. Lazio bamele kanjalo umisele phezulu amacandelo amathathu kwi-Eroma, kunye izakhono ethile ukubaluleka. Kwi-Trentino-Alto Adige imiselwe lisebe jonga Inkundla of administrative justice (TRGA), nge-i - 'icandelo elizimeleyo' elizimeleyo Bolzano. Ngamnye TAR ingaba yabelwe ngumongameli kwaye ingabi ngaphantsi ezintlanu lwabagwebi, sezolawulo, kwaye denominated, ngokunxulumene zabo ubude inkonzo, 'referendum', 'phambi kwexesha referendum', 'counselors'. Izigqibo ingaba ithathwe kunye nokuthabatha inxaxheba ezintathu lwabagwebi. I-amanqwanqwa competence ngamnye TAR kuquka nezibheno aimed ngokuchasene izenzo nee-arhente okanye imizimba zabo zonke izigaba intshukumo ngu bamthwala ngaphandle exclusively kwi-jonga inqanaba (umzekelo oomasipala, amaphondo, ummandla okanye prefects okanye ezinye peripheral amacandelo karhulumente i-imo), ngokunjalo njengoko amabango enxulumene izenzo le-central imizimba Yombuso kwaye wonke imizimba ultraregionali, njengoko ixesha elide njengoko iziphumo mthetho ingaba territorially limited ukuba kolawulo TAR. Kuba izenzo i-iziphumo ka-ezingekhoyo enomda ngale ndlela, kubalulekile linalo igunya, kwimeko izenzo esikhutshwe imizimba ultraregionali, TAR ka-mmandla apho intloko-ofisi iziko. I-Lazio jonga yolawulo inkundla kanjalo linalo igunya kuba disputes enxulumene izenzo woqobo ukusuka kwimo yolawulo ekubeni competence ukuba ultra-jonga (ngaphandle izenzo Igunya kuba umbane negesi, apho competence luxanduva jonga yolawulo inkundla Lombardy).
Jikelele, kolawulo TAR malunga legitimacy (oko kukuthi, kuphunyezwe okanye hayi imigaqo esemthethweni) izenzo detrimental ukuba legitimate umdla, kodwa exceptional iimeko meko kanjalo merits (oko kukuthi ukuhlolwa kokusebenza ithuba i-administrative isenzo).
Kwezinye subjects, ibaluleke kakhulu kukuba owamiselwa ngo-wonke ukusetyenziswa, limited iimeko, ekusafuneka ngumthetho) enjalo kwimimandla ephantsi kolawulo lwesixeko, ukongeza a legitimate inzala (izikhundla ka-oyedwa, ezikhuselweyo ngumthetho njengoko coincident nge-jikelele-wonke inzala), ivakalisa ukuba zombhali kuphela amalungelo (izikhundla secured ngohlobo yathi yayalela ngakulo ezinye subjects, abo bathe i-obligation ukuqinisekisa ngqo enjoyment ka-ngasekunene kwayo), ukuba cognition ngu ngokuqhelekileyo lisuswe yolawulo umgwebi, kwaye agciniwe ukuba nokuqheleka iinkundla (inkundla, njalo-njalo). ka-mthetho ummiselo ezintathu februwari, hayi, njengoko senziwa utshintsho unguye. ishumi elinesibhozo ye-D.
amashumi amabini anesithoba oktobha, hayi, mba-wonke umsebenzi waba lisuswe cognition ye-administrative inkundla kwaye olukhankanywe elo nokuqheleka iinkundla, ngaphandle kokuba kuba disputes entsimini ka-insolvency nemigaqo-nkqubo, ngokunjalo, indawo exclusive kwimimandla ephantsi kolawulo lwesixeko, kuba abo ngokunxulumene iindidi ezithile, ebizwa-non - isivumelwano, eziquka i-noomantyi, military, amapolisa, prefects, diplomats kwaye ngezifundo lecturers.
Ukuzisa ye-isibheno akusebenzi info iziphumo ye-komlinganiselo (ngoko ke ukuba ulawulo kunokubangela uphumezo, nkqu involuntarily, amabango ukuba iitshati ukusuka kubo: umzekelo, ukuba uqhubeke imisebenzi ye-propati, okanye ukwenza ngqo, ngomhla iindleko ezinokufumaneka ka-umntu ochaphazelekayo, iinkonzo ilungisiwe ukuba yokugqibela) nangona kunjalo, ukuba uphumezo kukuba sifuna sizathu ezinzima umonakalo kwaye sunk (oko kukuthi hayi ngokwexabiso enokufumaneka ngalo), inkundla, xa kwenziwe isicelo nge-sicelo, unakho ukulahla ngoko nangoko ye-ulwandiso. I-deadline kuba isibheno kukuba ngenye indlela emfutshane-waphila: iqela aggrieved kwi isemthethweni inzala iya kwazisa isibheno ukuba igunya lawo sele ekhutshwe i-komlinganiselo ngaphakathi amathandathu imihla (kodwa kukho shorter mimiselo kuba ezikhethekileyo rites) ukusuka kumhla athe isigqibo waba communicated okanye, nangaliphi na umyinge, waba ulwazi. I-isibheno kufuneka aziswe, ngaphakathi elinye ithuba, kunye esinye ubuncinane omnye umntu (umzekelo ukuba umntu lowo abe iintlungu a ukumona ukususela admission ye-isibheno: umzekelo, ophumeleleyo loluntu ukhuphiswano apho kuya ucela kuba ukucinywa). Kunye yayo isigqibo, inkundla uqwalasela ngayo waseka isibheno, ii contested isigqibo, i-administrative igunya kuya kuhambelana nkqubo wabeka phantsi kwi-izigwebo ye-administrative inkundla iya kuba ngokukhawuleza enforceable kwaye ukuthenga ixabiso nto sigwetywe: ukuba ukuthelekisa meko kugqitywe azinako deduced kwelinye isihlalo, apho, ngaphakathi amathandathu imihla ukususela isaziso lomthetho isigqibo akazange appealed. Izigqibo nemimiselo ye-TAR kusenokuba appealed phambi kokuba Urhulumente Ibhunga. Abo i Tar kwi-Sicily, endaweni yoko, ngowe-phambili Council of administrative justice kuba Sicilian Kummandla (i-icandelo likarhulumente, njengoko foreseen kwi-Statute ye-sicilian, apho izenzo njengoko eyahlukileyo candelo Kwequmrhu Likarhulumente).
